Max Weber’s Theory of Bureaucracy | Public Administration | 6 Principal Features of Bureaucracy
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Introduction
The bureaucratic management theory, introduced by Max Weber stated that to manage an organization efficiently, it is essential to have a clear line of authority along with proper rules, procedures and regulations for controlling each business operation. Bureaucracy refers to the possessing of control over a group of people or activities through knowledge, power or authority.
Authority Hierarchy
Weber proposed that there should be a systematic hierarchy in the organization, defining the position of each employee from top to the lowest level. In such a system, each employee knows who they have to report, whose orders they need to follow, and what is the role of different personnel in the organization.
Formal Rules and Regulations
There should be a clear set of principles, procedures, rules and regulations in written form, to be followed universally by everyone working in the organization irrespective of their position.
Division of Labour
The whole work should be assorted into smaller task sets to ascertain that every set of tasks is assigned to the right person, i.e., the one who has the capability of fulfilling it. This not only improves the work efficiency but also ensures proper allocation of job responsibilities.
Career Orientation
Another essential principle is that management should motivate employees to build a long-term career in the organization by providing job security and performance-based incentives to them.
Impersonality
In an organization, the impersonal relations develop among the employees, which may lead to favouritism or nepotism. Weber said that the application of rules and managerial decisions should be impartial and independent of such relations.
Moreover, these decisions must be based on rational and practical grounds rather than emotional or impersonal influence.
Formal Selection Process
Weber believed that the workers should be recruited through their technical skills and expertise instead of ‘first come first selected’ basis. Even the promotion should be based on performance and merit. This not only leads to better productivity but also adds to employee’s growth and satisfaction.
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